A cataract is a clouding of the lens, the part of the eye responsible for focusing and producing crisp, clear images. For most people, cataracts are the natural result of aging.
Phaco-emulsification is a modern technique that allows the surgeon to remove the cataract using ultrasound.
During cataract surgery, the lens damaged by the cataract is replaced by an artificial acrylate lens (intraocular lens - IOL).
Only an IOL can restore the vision that existed before surgery. Cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss in adults fifty-five and over.
Eye lesions, certain medications, and diseases such as diabetes and alcoholism may, according to research, be the cause of cataracts.

Patients with blurred vision, having difficulty reading, driving or recognising faces.

Before surgery, the type of IOL to be used will be assessed.
Surgical techniques for cataract treatment vary widely. The eye is anaesthetised for surgery to be painless.
During surgery, the doctor uses a microscope to provide a detailed view of the ocular structures. A small incision is made in the cornea (the outer surface of the eye) to access and remove the cataract.
An IOL capsule is inserted to replace the lens.
Finally, the surgeon will place a protective shield over the eye after surgery.

The doctor will indicate requirements, specific to each patient.

Although cataract surgery is currently one of the safest surgeries, there are some risks, the main ones being endophthalmitis (a serious infection inside the eye), suprachoroidal haemorrhage, bullous keratopathy and retinal detachment.
Less serious complications include a clouding of the IOL, macular oedema and IOL dislocation.

Until the eye is healed, the patient should not rub, press the eye or lift heavy objects because they may put at risk the healing process.
The doctor prescribes eye drops which will reduce the risk of infection or inflammation.
After eye surgery, patients must be accompanied by friends or family when leaving hospital.
Some patients may have blurred vision for up to eight weeks after surgery
A check-up is necessary two to three weeks after surgery.

If surgery is necessary for each eye, there should be an interval of four to eight weeks.
Phaco-emulsification has the advantage that the small incision required heals itself. The wound is more stable and the likelihood of complications are minimal, the lack of stitches making recovery easier and faster.