Pharyngeal tonsils are masses of lymphoid tissue embedded in the mucosa of the nasopharynx posterior wall, part of Waldeyer's lymphatic system and the body’s defence mechanism. When increased in size, these tonsils are called adenoids and can occupy various parts of the pharyngeal cavity.
In some people, excessive growth can cause nasopharyngeal blockage, which increases the risk of recurrent infections and various cardio-respiratory complications.
Often this operation is performed at the same time as tonsillectomy.

Surgeons recommend adenoidectomy when the adenoids obstruct the airway giving rise to excess snoring, trouble breathing through the nose and the possibility of sleep apnoea.
Adenoidectomy is recommended if the adenoids interfere with the patient’s daily life, having more than five relapses per year despite treatment with antibiotics, or three or more relapses per year during a period of two years.
It is common for the adenoids to shrink as the child reaches puberty and adenoidectomy is rarely needed after reaching adolescence

The surgery is performed entirely inside the mouth; stiches are not required.

The doctor will indicate requirements, specific to each patient.

The most common complication is bleeding, which if severe may require the patient to return to the operating theatre.
 Any surgery involves risks and dehydration can occur (due to lack of fluid intake), fever, difficulty breathing (swelling of throat tissues), reactions to medication, respiratory problems and infection.

During the recovery period, the patient may suffer nasal congestion requiring nasal drainage or a sore throat. To help relieve discomfort, cold food and beverages which are easily swallowed are recommended.

Complete recovery takes one to two weeks.